Kuyambira 1769, pamene galimoto yoyamba yamatanda idamangidwa ku France, makampani ogulitsa magalimoto asintha kwazaka zopitilira 200. Monga momwe gulu limayendera ndi ukadaulo, kufunikira kwa magwiridwe antchito, kuphatikizapo liwiro, chitetezo, chitonthozo, mphamvu zamagetsi, zikupitilizabe. Kuzindikira zolinga izi kumadalira kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri Zophatikiza za mphira m'magalimoto. Ngakhale siotchuka kwenikweni, izi magawo a mphira Yesetsani Maudindo Ovuta Mukusindikizidwa, kugwedeza, kufalikira kwamphamvu, kuchepetsa phokoso, komanso kukhazikika koyendetsa.

Galimoto yomwe ili ndi 300-400 yosiyana Zophatikiza za mphira , monga Masamba osindikizira, Zisindikizo zamafuta, Mphete, mamba a anti , ndipo Makina Olamulira Olamulira . Ngakhale ali ndi kukula kwake, zinthuzi zimathandiza mwachindunji kudalirika kwa magalimoto ndi chitetezo. Zigawo zikuluzikulu, makamaka, zimawonedwa ngati maziko a kapangidwe kake. Magalimoto amakono okwera amakhala ndi zoposa 240 Zida zopindika za mphira , ndizowoneka ngati zazing'ono koma zofunika kutetezeka. Mwachitsanzo, kutaya koyambitsidwa chifukwa cha cholakwika mphira wa mphete kapena Chisindikizo Cha Mafuta Mkati mwa mapaipi atha kubweretsa zovuta kwambiri.

Ndi mafakitale ogulitsa, luntha la zigawo zigawo za mphira ndi zigawo zotchinga (monga mbale zowonongeka ndi Kuwongolera kuwongolera ) ikupitiliza kuyendetsa bwino magalimoto ambiri. Kufunika kwa maluso osindikizira sikungokhala gawo lagalimoto. Mu 2013, Eva akhamukira malo apadziko lonse lapansi adathetsedwa chifukwa cha kutaya kwamadzi mu chisoti cha nyenyezi; Msodzi wa Shenzhou - 10 zigawo zigawo za mphira mkati mwa makina ake. Zochitika izi zikuwonetsa kuti ukadaulo wosindikiza sikuti ndikungofunika kugwiritsa ntchito mafakitale - ndi chitetezo chovuta cha anthu.

Kupanga kwa Moto Kusindikiza kwa mphira ndi kugwedeza Makampani akupititsa patsogolo kulondola kwambiri. Komabe, makampaniwo akukumana ndi zovuta ziwiri: kukwera mtengo kwazinthu zokwera komanso ndalama zogwirira ntchito, pomwe opanga magalimoto amapitilira kukankhira makina oyang'anira oyenda mogwirizana ndi kuchepetsedwa kwamtundu. Ogulitsa ambiri oyang'anira sitima yapakatikati amagwira ntchito ndi maphwando ochepa kwambiri komanso katundu wolemera kwambiri, zomwe zimathandizira kuti pakhale magetsi pakati pa magalimoto apanyumba komanso akunja.

Ngakhale nthawi zambiri imabisidwa mkati mwagalimoto, Kusindikiza kwa mphira ndi zinthu zopangira ndi zisonyezo zazikulu za mtundu wamalo. Pamapeto pake, kusindikizidwa ndi kukonza magwiridwe antchito kumadalira mtundu wodalirika aliyense O-mphete, Chisindikizo Cha Mafuta, Mzere wakusindikizidwa, mbale yolunga , ndipo Kuwongolera mbale . Zochepa monga zilili, amakhala ndi udindo wowunika poyendetsa chitetezo ndi chitonthozo.

Zogulitsa za mphira zosindikiza - gulu

Zogulitsa za mphira zamoto zimagawika m'magulu asanu ndi limodzi:

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Masamba osindikizira

Zisindikizo zamafuta

Makapu

Nsapato za fumbi

Brake diaphragms

Mphete

I. mizere yotsekemera

Masamba osindikizira Phatikizanipo pawindo, khomo, padenga, chepetsa, ophatikizidwa, okhazikika, komanso mitundu yokuluka. Amapangidwa makamaka kuchokera ku polythefin elastomers monga EPDM mphira , rubbs ophatikizidwa, ndi Tpe ma emoplastic elastomers. Ubwino wake umaphatikizapo kuvala bwino kwambiri, kukana nyengo, kukana pang'ono, komanso njira yosavuta. Masamba ena osindikizira ali ndi nyumba zolimbikitsira, zomwe zimapezeka m'njira zosiyanasiyana kuphatikizapo zingwe zitsulo, zopindika zachitsulo, ndi zingwe za aluminiyamu.

Masamba otsekemera amagawidwa ndi:

1. Mitundu

Zikhomo Zosindikiza

Galasi limayenda

Khomo lakunja

Zingwe zotsekemera

Zingwe za Injini Yosindikiza

Thunthu lokhala ndi zingwe

Madzi am'madzi osindikizira

Mizere yopanda tanthauzo

2. Makina

a. Cholimba Mzere wa mphira (kuphatikizapo mtundu wa ziphuphu)
b. Kagwilitsidwe Mzere wa mphira (Hish + yowala +
c. Zitsulo Zazitsulo Zazitsulo
d. Zotsekedwa kapena zomangidwa
e. Mizere yambiri yotsekeka (chithovu cha mphira +

Ii. Zisindikizo zamafuta

Maotayi Zisindikizo zamafuta zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusindikizidwa kuzungulira kapena kubwezeretsa zibongwe. Amatha kupirira kuthamanga kwambiri, kumapereka chisindikizo chabwino kwambiri, ndikupereka utumiki wautumiki wautali. Amalondola Zophatikiza za mphira , makamaka mu injini ndi ma gearbones.

Kugwira nchito

Chifukwa cha njira zawo zosinthira ndikuthandizira zitsulo, zisindikizo zamafuta zimagwira ntchito mokakamiza kudzera mkamwa wawo wosindikiza kuti mupewe kutaya mafuta kuti alowe.

Zipangizo

Kusankhidwa kumatengera kutentha kwa kutentha ndi kusiyanasiyana kwamadzimadzi:

NBR (Nitrile rabara)

Kutentha: -40 ° C mpaka 120 ° C

Kukaniza kwa mafuta

Kugwiritsa ntchito mtengo komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kwa zisindikizo zamafuta okhazikika

Hnbr (hydrogenien nitrile)

Kutentha: -40 ° C mpaka 175 ° C

Kutentha kwambiri, asidi, petulo, ndi ozoni kukana

Kutsutsana ndi mafuta ofanana ndi fkm

Imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zisindikizo zolimbitsa thupi monga ma crankshaft ndi zisindikizo zamiyala

Zochitika Zachitukuko

Kugwira Ntchito Kwambiri Kuchirikiza Zosowa Zamagetsi Zosunga Magetsi, kutetezedwa kwa chilengedwe, chitonthozo, ndi kudalirika

Moyo wautali (wosatayika mpaka 150,000 km)

Kutsatira malamulo a chilengedwe ndipo Iatf 16949 zofunikira

Iii. Makapu

Makina a ma brake amagwiritsa ntchito ma brake amadzimadzi, ndipo madzi osiyanasiyana amasungunuka amafunikira kufanana Khopu yamoto . Zopangidwa ndi NBR

Zoposa 95% yamagalimoto amakono kugwiritsa ntchito Madzi a Peg (glycol et). Madzi a peg ndi osungunuka osungunuka madzi, otsika kwambiri, komanso ogwirizana ndi raba. EPDM mphira ndizabwino kwa makapu amoto chifukwa:

Ili ndi kukana kwabwino kwambiri ku Polar Peg Drick yamadzimadzi

Zimachita bwino pansi pa kutentha kwamphamvu (mpaka 150 ° C) chifukwa cha mikangano nthawi zambiri

Imaperekanso malire am'madzi, mphamvu zamphamvu, komanso kukana nyengo

Chifukwa chake, Ekidm ndiye zinthu zodziwika bwino chifukwa cha makapu.

Iv. Nsapato za fumbi

Izi zimaphatikizapo CV yolumikizira fumbi ndi nsapato zotsirizira fumbi. Zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, nthawi zambiri Thermoplastic EPDM, Tpv , ndipo Mowa (chloroprene rabar). Ngakhale ndi yosavuta, nsapato za fumbi zimafuna kukana kutentha, kukana kozizira, Kukaniza Mafuta, Kukaniza Mafuta, Kutsutsa kwa Ozoni, ndi Masewera abwino.

Cr raba imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mafuta ndi kutentha kochepa. Maboti onse okhudzana ndi a EPDM ndi a fumbi ozungulira a TPV amapezeka pamsika.

V. Magalimoto a Vaphralms

Izi maekizi Ntchito mkati mwa zipinda zam'madzi, kufalitsa kukakamiza anzanu. Monga chobwezeretsanso zomwe zimaphatikizidwa ndi mpweya wambiri, pamafunika kusinthasintha kosintha komanso kuyankha.
Choyambirira ndi rabalusa zachilengedwe , peritsitsani kulimba mtima komanso chitetezo mobwerezabwereza.

Kuyambira 1769, pamene galimoto yoyamba yamatanda idamangidwa ku France, makampani ogulitsa magalimoto asintha kwazaka zopitilira 200.