Popanga ndi kukonza mankhwala amphira opangidwa ndi mphira, mphira nkhungu ndi zida zofunika kuwongolera ndi kuonetsetsa geometry mankhwala, miyeso ya msonkhano , ndi kutsatira dimensional tolerances . The kupanga ndi kupanga khalidwe la nkhungu mwachindunji amatsimikiza ndi kulondola kwa dimensional, mawonekedwe apamwamba ,ndi mlingo womaliza wa ziyeneretso za zinthu za rabara, ndipo zimakhala maziko ofunikira kuti akwaniritse zokolola zambiri za rabara.

Zopangira mphira nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa ndi kusakaniza mphira yaiwisi ndi zosakaniza zosiyanasiyana , ndikutsatiridwa ndi processing under kutentha kwambiri komanso kuthamanga kwambiri mikhalidwe. Chosakanizacho chimabayidwa mu fupa la nkhungu , kumene umayenda ndi kudzaza mapanga opangidwa ndi poyambira. Kudzera crosslinking reactions , chigawocho chimasinthidwa kukhala vulcanized labala mankhwala ndi mtengo wogwira ntchito.

Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu kupanga nkhungu ya rabara ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri a mphira wa silicone.

1. Zida za Nkhungu ndi Malo Othandizira Monga Magwero Oyipitsidwa ndi Kuwonongeka

Pakali pano, ambiri mphira nkhungu amapangidwa kuchokera P20 sing'anga-carbon chitsulo kapena 45 # chitsulo , amene ali wamba otentha-ntchito nkhungu zitsulo . Pansi kwa nthawi yayitali kutentha kwambiri vulcanization zinthu , mapanga a nkhungu amatha kuwononga mitundu yotsatirayi ndi kuipitsidwa:

Thermal Oxidation Kuipitsidwa

Pamene nkhungu zimakhudzidwa ndi kutentha kwakukulu, zochitika za okosijeni zimachitika pakati pa nkhungu pamwamba ndi mpweya mumlengalenga, kupanga. mawanga oxidation kuipitsidwa pamwamba pa chimbudzi.

Zovala zopanda polar : makonda ku kuchepetsa kuwonongeka ndi kumamatira ku nkhungu patsekeke pamwamba

Zovala za polar : amakonda kupanga malo owuma mawanga , zowononga kukulitsa magwiridwe antchito ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba

Kuyika kwa ma Compounding Agents ndi Low-Molecular Substances

Zedi kuphatikiza zosakaniza kapena zigawo zochepa za maselo mu mankhwala mphira kupanga zatsopano anachita mankhwala pa vulcanization, amene pang'onopang'ono kuika pamwamba pa nkhungu patsekeke.

Magesi Owononga ndi Zotsatira za Halogen

Mitundu ina ya labala, monga mphira wa chloroprene (CR), mphira wa chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSM) ,ndi fluororubber (FKM) , kumasulidwa zinthu zowononga monga HCl, H₂S ,ndi zitsulo kloridi pa nthawi ya vulcanization. Zinthu izi zimapangitsa kwambiri kuwonongeka kwa zibowo za nkhungu , ndi zotsatira zoopsa kwambiri pa silicone mphira nkhungu processing ndi mwatsatanetsatane nkhungu moyo utumiki.

Zochitika za kuipitsidwa ndi dzimbiri izi sizimangosokoneza mawonekedwe ndi magwiridwe antchito za vulcanized labala mankhwala , komanso kuchepetsa kukhazikika kwa kupanga , zomwe zingayambitse ku kusokoneza ntchito mosalekeza , zomwe zimakhudza mwachindunji kupanga kwakukulu pambuyo pake mofulumira kutulutsa nkhungu ya rabara.

2. Zinthu Zofunika Kwambiri Zomwe Zimakhudza Kuwonongeka kwa Nkhungu ndi Kuwonongeka (Kuwunika Kulemera)

Kutengera zomwe zidachitika komanso kusanthula kulemera , kuipitsidwa kwa nkhungu ndi dzimbiri zimayendetsedwa ndi Nyeta ya mphiraing system , kuphatikizapo:

Vulcanization dongosolo zowonjezera (sulufule, ma accelerator, zinc oxide)

Ma Accelerator okhala ndi kusungunuka kochepa komanso kusamuka kwakukulu

Ma antioxidants osamukasamuka

Ma activators monga stearic acid

Kutulutsa Kwakunja ndi Njira Zotulutsa Mold

Mankhwala opangidwa ndi Polysiloxane

Othandizira opangidwa ndi parafini (kuipitsidwa kwambiri)

Fluorinated kumasulidwa mankhwala

Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zotsatirazi zimakulitsa kwambiri kuwonongeka kwa nkhungu:

Kusankha zipangizo zokutira nkhungu

Nkhungu pamwamba mapeto ndi sandblasting mankhwala

Vulcanization kutentha, nthawi, ndi mosalekeza kupanga mkombero

Kutentha ndi chinyezi nthawi yosungirako pawiri

Mu mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri a silicone mphira nkhungu , zotsatira zophatikizana za zinthuzi ndizofunikira kwambiri.

3. Njira Yachitatu Yachisinthiko ya Mold Cavity Contamination

Gawo 1: Kusamuka kwa Zowonongeka

Pansi pa kutentha kwambiri, vulcanization zowonjezera ndi zochita ndi mankhwala kusuntha kuchokera mkati mwa rabala kupita ku nkhungu patsekeke pamwamba.

Gawo 2: Kumamatira ndi Kuyika

Zinthu izi zimamamatira ndikuziyika pa zitsulo nkhungu pamwamba , pang'onopang'ono kupanga zovuta kuchotsa zigawo za okosijeni kudzera matenthedwe okosijeni zimachitikira.

Gawo 3: Kukalamba ndi Kusamutsa

Pogwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali, zonyansa zimadutsa kukalamba ndi kuwonongeka:

Gawo limakhala mwamphamvu amamatira ku nkhungu patsekeke

Gawo lina limasamutsidwa ku pamwamba pa vulcanized mphira mankhwala , kuchititsa zonyansa, ming'alu ya pamwamba ,ndi kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe

Izi ndizabwino kwambiri kwa opanga omwe akutsata zokolola zambiri za rabara.

4. Mphamvu ya Mapangidwe a Nkhungu ndi Chithandizo cha Pamwamba pa Kuipitsidwa

Mu kupanga nkhungu ya rabara ndi silicone mphira nkhungu processing:

Zovala zapamwamba, zopukutidwa ndi chrome, kapena zokutidwa ndi aloyi → chizolowezi chochepa cha kuipitsidwa

Zopangidwa ndi mchenga, matte, kapena mawonekedwe → kusungidwa kwakukulu kwa kuipitsidwa

Chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kuperekedwa ku mfundo yakuti sandblasting-induced pamwamba roughness akhoza kupanga “anangula zotsatira” pa nthawi ya vulcanization, kutsogolera ku kulumikiza makina pakati pa mphira ndi nkhungu pamwamba. Izi zimabweretsa kumamatira kwambiri, kuthetsa zovuta ,ndi kuipitsidwa kwachiwiri.

Kuthetsa nkhaniyi, zotsatirazi njira zowonjezera pamwamba amalimbikitsidwa:

Chrome plating

Zovala za Tungsten-chromium

Zovala za Vanadium-cobalt Onseoy

Tekinoloje izi zatsimikiziridwa mofala mu mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri a mphira a silicone.

5. Njira Zokwanira Zochepetsera Kuwonongeka kwa Nkhungu

1️⃣ Kukhathamiritsa kwa Compound Formulation

Sankhani kuphatikiza zosakaniza ndi zogwirizana bwino labala, kusamuka kochepa ,ndi otsika akuphuka chizolowezi

Chepetsani zinthu zochepa zama cell amakonda kuphuka ndi kuyika

2️⃣ Kukhathamiritsa kwa Mold Structure Design

Onetsetsani njira zoyenda bwino za mphira

Chepetsani ngodya zakufa ndi zosungirako , kulola kuti zonyansa zichotsedwe panthawi ya rabara ngakhale zitawonongeka

3️⃣ Kukhathamiritsa kwa Mold Surface Engineering

Ikani patsogolo ma electroplated kapena aloyi-wokutidwa ndi zinthu

Pewani zosafunikira akhama sandblasting mankhwala

4️⃣ Njira zoyeretsera ndi kukonza

Njira zodziwika bwino zotsuka nkhungu zimaphatikizapo:

Kuyeretsa makina (yonyowa, youma, kupukuta pamanja)

Kuyeretsa mankhwala (kuyeretsa asidi / kuyeretsa zamchere)

Akupanga kuyeretsa

Panopa, kuyeretsa mankhwala ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, ngakhale zofunika kuteteza chilengedwe ndi chitetezo cha opareshoni ziyenera kuganiziridwa bwino. Zamalonda zamadzimadzi zoyeretsa nkhungu ndi mphira woyeretsa nkhungu angagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati njira zothandizira.

Mapeto

Kuwonongeka kwa nkhungu mu mankhwala amphira opangidwa ndi mphira ndi konsekonse, mobwerezabwereza ,ndi mwadongosolo mu chilengedwe. Pokhapokha kukhathamiritsa mwadongosolo za:

Mapangidwe kapangidwe kaphatikizidwe

Kusankhidwa kwa zinthu za nkhungu

Njira zamakono zochizira pamwamba

Njira zowongolera magawo

opanga angakwaniritsedi:

Zopangira mphira zokolola zambiri

Kukhazikika kokhazikika kwa nkhungu za rabara za silicone zolondola kwambiri

Kupanga kokhazikika komanso kodalirika pambuyo popereka nkhungu ya rabara mwachangu

Popanga ndi kukonza mankhwala amphira opangidwa ndi mphira, mphira nkhungu ndi zida zofunika kuwongolera ndi kuonetsetsa geometry mankhwala, miyeso ya msonkhano , ndi kutsatira dimensional tolerances.