Sankhani chilankhulo 
Mu Highway Bridge engineering, zitsulo laminated mphira amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakati pa superstructure ndi substructure ya milatho. Amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri kutumiza katundu ofukula, kutengera structural deformation ,ndi kupereka kugwedera kudzipatula ndi damping.
Kuchokera pamakina, mawonekedwe omangikawa amagwirizana kwambiri zochepetsera kugwedezeka kwapansi, mphira zosinthika ,ndi kuchepetsa zotupa zotupa , zomwe ndi zachilendo engineering labala kugwedera kudzipatula mankhwala . Machitidwe onsewa amadalira khalidwe la deformation ndi mphamvu zowonongeka kwa zipangizo za mphira pansi compressive ndi kukameta ubweya zinthu potsegula.
Childs, kulimbikitsa zigawo za zitsulo laminated mphira zikuphatikizapo mbale zambiri zopyapyala zachitsulo kapena ma meshes achitsulo . Pansi pa kukakamizidwa kwa zigawo zolimbikitsa izi, the lateral kuphulika kwa mphira imayendetsedwa bwino, potero imawongolera kwambiri compressive mphamvu ndi kuuma kwathunthu za zigawo za rabara.
Pa nthawi yomweyo, pamene kuonetsetsa mkulu ofukula kunyamula katundu , zokwanira kukameta ubweya deformation kuthekera pansi yopingasa kusamutsidwa angapezekebe. Khalidweli ndi lofunikiranso pamapangidwe a kuchepetsa zotupa zotupa ndi mphira zosinthika.
The compressive elastic modulus kuyesa njira ndi imodzi mwa njira zofunika kwambiri zowunikira ntchito zamakina za zitsulo laminated mphira . Ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa miyezo yosinthidwa, onse awiri njira zowerengera ndi njira zoyesera asinthanso.
Kupyolera mu kafukufuku woyesera, phunziroli limasanthula mwadongosolo zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza kulondola kwa mayeso ndi mlingo wawo chikoka, kupereka olimba maziko aukadaulo a engineering ya mlatho ndi engineering control vibration.
1. Chidule cha Njira Yoyesera ya Compressive Elastic Modulus
1.1 Basic Concept
Mu 1981, Lindley PB anakonza chitsanzo cha theoretical powerengera ofukula kuuma kwa mayendedwe a mphira , kutengera lingaliro la pafupifupi incompressible zotanuka khalidwe la zipangizo labala . Chiphunzitsochi chakhala chikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzochita zauinjiniya.
Pansi ofukula compressive katundu , zipangizo za mphira zimasonyeza osati kokha makulidwe-kayendetsedwe ka kukanikizana , komanso mlingo wina wa lateral bulging deformation . Makhalidwe amakinawa amagwiranso ntchito ku zochepetsera kugwedezeka kwapansi ndi mphira zosinthika mu kumanga machitidwe owongolera kugwedezeka.
1.2 Fomula Yowerengera
Kwa mphira wokhala ndi n mphira zigawo , poganiza kuti zinthu za rabara ndizosasunthika komanso zimayikidwa psinjika koyera , ndi kuuma koima imawerengedwa ngati:
Kv=E1⋅A0n⋅t1K_v = \frac{E_1 \cdot A_0}{n \cdot t_1}Kv=n⋅t1E1⋅A0
Kuti:
E₁ — Longitudinal zotanuka modulus wa rabara
A₀ — Malo ogwira ntchito onyamula katundu
t₁ — Makulidwe a mphira umodzi wosanjikiza
Fomula ili ndi tanthauzo lofunikira zitsulo laminated mphira, kuchepetsa zotupa zotupa ,ndi kugwedera kudzipatula mphira mankhwala ntchito njanji mayendedwe.
2. Lingaliro la Kupanga kwa Dongosolo Loyesa Mayeso la Automatic Compressive Elastic Modulus
The automatic compressive elastic modulus test system makamaka imakhala ndi:
Makina oyesera a compression
Kusamuka ndi kukakamiza masensa
Mapulogalamu oyesa akatswiri ndi kusanthula deta
Pa kuyezetsa, dongosolo akhoza pitilizani kupeza vertical load ndi compression deformation deformation , kupanga zokha stress-makhotakhota , ndi kuwerengera compressive zotanuka modulus pamodzi ndi kusanthula kwapatuka.
Kugwiritsa ntchito dongosololi:
Amachepetsa kwambiri ntchito zamanja
Amapewa bwino zolakwa zowerengera za anthu
Imasunga zolakwika zoyesa m'malire ovomerezeka
Kuyesaku sikukugwiranso ntchito kwa zitsulo laminated mphira , komanso kuti zochepetsera kugwedezeka kwapansi ndi mphira zosinthika pakuwunika kwamakina ntchito.
3. Nkhani ya Umisiri ndi Kufananiza Njira Zoyesera
3.1 Kufotokozera Mlandu
A laminated mphira wonyamula adasankhidwa ngati chitsanzo choyesera ndi magawo otsatirawa:
Diameter: 140 mm
Anamaliza kutalika: 25 mm
Single mphira wosanjikiza makulidwe: 4 mm
Chitsulo mbale makulidwe: 2 mm
Chiwerengero cha zigawo zazitsulo: 3 zigawo
Malo ogwira ntchito onyamula katundu: 15,366 mm²
Mawonekedwe Factor: 7.0
Kuchuluka kwa rabala: 20 mm
Malinga ndi muyezo watsopano, a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya compressive elastic modulus ndi (303 ± 60) MPa.
3.2 Chikoka cha Njira Zoyikira Zosiyanasiyana pa Zotsatira za Mayeso
Kufufuza chikoka cha kutsitsa njira , njira ziwiri zotsegulira zidapangidwa:
Chiwembu 1 (Kutsegula kosakhazikika):
Kutsitsa kokhazikika ndikutsitsa
3 kutsitsa kozungulira
Chiwembu 2 (Kutsegula kokhazikika):
Stepwise potsegula mogwirizana ndi mfundo zatsopano
Mulingo uliwonse wolemedwa umasungidwa 120 masekondi pamaso deformation deta kupeza
Zotsatira zoyesa zikuwonetsa zimenezo:
Pulogalamu 1 kusonyeza kupatuka kwambiri 3%, ndi zoonekeratu zotsatira za hysteresis
Pulogalamu 2 zikuwonetsa zopotoka zochepa kuposa 3%, kupereka zotsatira zokhazikika komanso zodalirika
Mapeto awa akugwiranso ntchito ngati chiwongolero chofunikira pakuwunika momwe ntchito yanthawi yayitali kuchepetsa zotupa zotupa pansi pa katundu wokhazikika.
4. Kuyeza Kusatsimikizika Kusanthula Pamayesedwe
4.1 Zosatsimikizika Zopanda Katundu
Izi makamaka zikuphatikizapo:
Kuyeza kulondola kwa zida zoyesera (makina opondereza, mita yosamutsira, ma extensometers, etc.)
Malamulo ozungulira deta
Kusiyana kwa kutanthauzira kokhazikika ndi kuwerenga kwa ogwira ntchito
Zokayikitsa izi zitha kuchepetsedwa bwino kuyesa mobwerezabwereza ndi njira zogwirira ntchito zokhazikika.
4.2 Zinthu Zosatsimikizika Zokhudzana ndi Mayeso a Mayeso
Izi zikuphatikizapo:
Zolakwika mu malo ogwira ntchito yonyamula katundu
Zolakwika muyeso mu makulidwe onse a rabara ndi makulidwe a mbale yachitsulo
Zolakwika mu muyeso womaliza wa kutalika
Chikoka cha kutentha kozungulira ndi chinyezi
Zinthu zotere ndizofunikanso pakuyesedwa kwa mphira zosinthika ndi zochepetsera kugwedezeka kwapansi.
5. Kuwongolera Kusatsimikizika kwa Miyezo Yonse
Pambuyo pazigawo zonse zolakwika zikuphatikizidwa, a kusatsimikizika kwathunthu amapangidwa. Miyezo yoyenera imafotokoza momveka bwino pazipita zololeka zolakwika kwa magawo ofunika monga katundu ndi kusamuka.
Mwa kutsatira mosamalitsa mfundo izi ndikuwongolera zolakwika zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira, ma kudalirika ndi kulondola kwa zotsatira za mayeso zitha kusinthidwa kwambiri.
Mapeto
Mapiritsi a laminated ndi zigawo zofunika kwambiri misewu yayikulu mlatho ,ndi awo compressive ntchito mwachindunji zimakhudza chitetezo ntchito mlatho.
Kupyolera mu kugwiritsa ntchito sayansi ya compressive elastic modulus kuyesa njira , kuphatikiza kuyeza kusatsimikizika kusanthula , zolakwika zochulukira zitha kuwongoleredwa bwino, kuwonetsetsa kuti kuyezetsa kulondola kwambiri.
Zotsatira za kafukufukuyu sizikugwira ntchito kwa uinjiniya wa mlatho , komanso kupereka zofunika maumboni amalingaliro ndi othandiza za kupanga, kuyesa, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito za zochepetsera kugwedezeka kwapansi, mphira zosinthika ,ndi kuchepetsa zotupa zotupa , komanso zina engineering labala kugwedera kudzipatula mankhwala.
Mu Highway Bridge engineering, zitsulo laminated mphira amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakati pa superstructure ndi substructure ya milatho.
